Method and system for controlling vehicles and drones

ABSTRACT

Embodiments are provided for controlling a fleet of vehicles and drones. The vehicles are directed to respectively drop off passenger groups at multiple locations. Routes are calculated routes for the vehicles to respectively pick up the passenger groups from the multiple locations based on predicted pick-up times, passenger group sizes and available vehicle capacities. One or more assign drones are assigned to each passenger group at each location. Each drone is configured to broadcast a current location of the passenger group in the location and a corresponding one of the predicted pick-up times and delay the corresponding passenger group in the location based on one of the vehicles assigned as a pick-up vehicle for the passenger group being delayed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/040,542, which was filed on Feb. 10, 2016. The entire disclosures ofU.S. application Ser. No. 15/040,542 are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a method and system for controllingvehicles and drones and, more specifically, to a method and system forcontrolling vehicles and drones in an automated tourist guiding system.

The use of driverless vehicles has increased recently and is expected tocontinue to increase. As they become more and more common, driverlessvehicles will be used in various applications. These applicationsinclude, for example, the use of autonomous driverless vehicles bytravel agencies. In these cases, a traveler will be able to select oneor more travel packages with multiple points of interest (POIs) that areserved by a travel agency using autonomous driverless vehicles and thoseautonomous driverless vehicles will then transport the traveler to thosePOIs. In cases where there are multiple travelers, however, eachtraveler may want to visit different POIs along a particular route andit will not be possible to easily service each travelers preferences.For example, some of the travelers might have to wait to be picked up orwill need a separate vehicle from other travelers. In the latter case,the travelers might need guidance to the other vehicle.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a computer programproduct for controlling a fleet of vehicles and drones is provided. Thecomputer program product includes a computer readable storage mediumhaving program instructions embodied therewith. The program instructionsare readable and executable by a processing circuit to cause theprocessing circuit to direct the vehicles to respectively drop offpassenger groups at multiple locations, calculate routes for thevehicles to respectively pick up the passenger groups from the multiplelocations based on predicted pick up times, passenger group sizes andavailable vehicle capacities and assign one or more of the drones toeach passenger group at each location. Each drone is configured tobroadcast a current location of the passenger group in the location andthe corresponding one of the predicted pick-up times and delay thecorresponding passenger group in the location based on one of thevehicles assigned as a pick-up vehicle for the passenger group beingdelayed.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a computingsystem for controlling a fleet of vehicles and drones is provided. Thecomputing system includes a memory and a processing circuit coupled tothe memory. The processing circuit is configured to direct the vehiclesto respectively drop off passenger groups at multiple locations,calculate routes for the vehicles to respectively pick up the passengergroups from the multiple locations based on predicted pick up times,passenger group sizes and available vehicle capacities and assign one ormore of the drones to each passenger group at each location. Each droneis configured to broadcast a current location of the passenger group inthe location and the corresponding one of the predicted pick-up timesand delay the corresponding passenger group in the location based on oneof the vehicles assigned as a pick-up vehicle for the passenger groupbeing delayed.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, acomputer-implemented method for controlling a fleet of vehicles anddrones is provided and includes directing the vehicles to respectivelydrop off passenger groups at multiple locations, calculating routes forthe vehicles to respectively pick up the passenger groups from themultiple locations based on predicted pick up times, passenger groupsizes and available vehicle capacities, assigning one or more of thedrones to each passenger group at each location, configuring each droneto broadcast a current location of the passenger group in the locationand the corresponding one of the predicted pick-up times and configuringeach drone to delay the corresponding passenger group in the locationbased on one of the vehicles assigned as a pick-up vehicle for thepassenger group being delayed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter which is regarded as the invention is particularlypointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion ofthe specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages ofthe invention are apparent from the following detailed description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fleet of vehicles and drones and aremote server in accordance with embodiments;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the remote server of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a computer-implemented method forcontrolling a fleet of vehicles and drones;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a drop-off plan generated by the system ofFIGS. 1 and 2; and

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a first routing plan and alternate routingplans generated by the system of FIGS. 1 and 2 based on first conditionsbeing in effect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Current uses of driverless vehicles include multiple arrangements. Inone, service vehicles operate in pairs with the lead vehicle providingan all-stop local service and the second vehicle skipping some stops asan express service in order to minimize the costs for both operators andpassengers. In other cases, scheduled and fixed route bus services areavailable that allow passengers to board and disembark buses on theirown. Meanwhile, optimized bus scheduling is used and takes intoconsideration bus stop locations and route segments of a city in anintegrated manner using a Demand and travel Time Response (DTR) methodto optimize fixed bus timetables. Still other situations call foroptimizing a variable-demand bus corridor system by adopting dynamicscheduling of buses that simulate the flow of passengers at multiplestops as well as the movement of buses along the routes.

As will be described below, a method and system are provided forcontrolling vehicles and drones in various applications, including, butnot limited to, an automated tourist guiding system. Using the methodand system, travel will be organized with combination of multipledriverless vehicles and multiple guiding drones in each driverlessvehicle. The drones will be travelling along with the vehicle, and willfly or land in the vehicle as required. While boarding each driverlessvehicle, each traveler will be identified uniquely with his profile andpoints of interest (POIs) accordingly identified. When each travelergets off the vehicle to visit a given one of the POIs, one or moredrones will be assigned to him or his group for guidance. The assigneddrone will then guide the traveler(s) around the POI and willcommunicate with a remote server about their current position and howlong it will be until they need to re-board. By way of a least squaremethod or another suitable calculating algorithm, the remote server willidentify optimum routes of the driverless vehicles to pick up thetraveler(s) from different POIs and will also identify the number ofvehicles required to complete all pick-ups. Then, if it is found that anassigned driverless vehicle needs more than a threshold limit of time topick up the traveler(s) from any one POI, the corresponding drone willguide the traveler(s) to visit additional attractions, like food carts,shopping complexes, etc., so that they can spend time effectively untilthe driverless vehicles can arrive.

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a system 1 is provided to controlvarious operations of a fleet of vehicles 2 and drones 3. The system 1includes the vehicles 2, which may be provided as a plurality of cars20, vans 21, mini-buses 22 and buses 23, the drones 3, which may beprovided as manned or unmanned ground vehicles 30 and as manned orunmanned aircraft 31, as well as a remote server 4. During theirrespective operations, the vehicles 2 and the drones 3 may be operatedremotely by an operator or may be provided as partially or fullyautonomous vehicles/drones. As shown in FIG. 2, the remote server 4includes a processing circuit 40, a memory, such as a computer readablestorage medium 41 and a networking unit 42 by which the processingcircuit 40 communicates with each of the vehicles 2 and the drones 3over a wired or wireless network 420. The computer readable storagemedium 41 has executable instructions stored thereon, which, whenexecuted cause the processing circuit 40 to execute the actionsdescribed herein.

In accordance with embodiments and, with reference to FIG. 3, acomputer-implemented method for controlling a fleet of the vehicles 2and the drones 3 is provided for execution by the remote server 4. Thecomputer-implemented method includes directing the vehicles 2 torespectively drop off passenger groups at multiple locations or POIs(e.g., tourist POIs in the exemplary case of the system 1 being atourism service or commuter POIs in the case of the system 1 being alocal commuter service) at block 301, calculating routes for thevehicles 2 to respectively pick up the passenger groups from themultiple locations based on predicted pick up times, passenger groupsizes and available vehicle capacities at block 302, assigning one ormore of the drones 3 to each passenger group at each location at block303 and configuring each drone 3 at block 304. The configuring includesconfiguring the drones 3 to broadcast to the remote server 4 a currentlocation of the passenger group in the location and the correspondingone of the predicted pick-up times. The configuring further includesconfiguring the drones 3 to delay the corresponding passenger group inthe location based on one of the vehicles 2 assigned as a pick-upvehicle for the passenger group being delayed.

It is to be understood that the various actions noted above may beexecuted in various sequences and orders and that the order provided inthe present description is merely exemplary and should not be consideredto be limiting in any way. For example, the assigning of the one of thedrones 3 to each of the passenger groups at each location at block 303could precede the calculating of the routes for the vehicles 2 torespectively pick up the passenger groups from the multiple locationsbased on the predicted pick up times, the passenger group sizes and theavailable vehicle capacities at block 302.

The broadcasting may be achieved by the drones 3 by way of various wiredor wireless networking systems. In an exemplary case, the drones 3 maybe communicative with the remote server 4 by way of cellularcommunications systems. In further alternative embodiments, the drones 3may communicate with the remote server 4 by way of proxy servers 5dispersed throughout the system 1 (see FIG. 1).

In accordance with further embodiments, the drones 3 may be configuredto communicate with each individual in its assigned group and/or with aspecified leader of the assigned group. Such communication may beachieved by way of various manners including, but not limited to,Bluetooth, walkie-talkie or cellular communications.

In accordance with embodiments, a delay for the pick-up vehicle may bedetermined to be a difference between a predicted pick-up time broadcastby a drone 3 for a given passenger group at a given POI and an expectedarrival time of the pick-up vehicle at the POI based on current vehicle2 locations and traffic conditions. Here, the drone 3 may be configuredto delay the passenger group at the POI where the delay exceeds apredetermined period of time (e.g., fifteen minutes standard or fiveminutes for “high-priority” passengers to be described below). Inaccordance with further embodiments, the drones 3 may be configured tocontinuously recalculate predicted pick-up times in real-time such that,when the decision is made to delay the passenger group, thecorresponding drone 3 is capable of broadcasting a new predicted pick-uptime for that passenger group.

The calculating of block 302 may be designed and tuned such that totalaggregated costs (considering all the participating vehicles 2 anddrones 3) cost is limited and such that waiting times for travelers isminimized. In addition, the calculating may take into account thepossibility of some travelers having paid for premium services wherebythey are offered priority drop-off and pick-up services as compared tothose who have not paid of premium services. That is, for those cases inwhich “high-priority” travelers are involved, the system 1 will seek toresolve drop-off or pick-up conflicts between “low-priority” and“high-priority” passengers in favor of the “high-priority” passengers.

In accordance with further embodiments, “high-priority passengers couldbe guaranteed a pick-up from a given POI in less than a predeterminedperiod of time (e.g., 5 minutes). In accordance with furtherembodiments, “high-priority” passengers could be driven to preciselocations near their POIs whereas “low-priority” passengers will belimited to drop-offs and pick-ups along logical routes.

In accordance with embodiments and, with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5, anoperation of the system 1 described above will now be described. For thepurposes of clarity and brevity, the system 1 will be assumed to beassociated with a travel or tourism service that has only a single typeof standard priority passengers. However, it is to be understood thatthis is merely exemplary and that other embodiments of the system 1 areavailable will multiple or various levels of passenger priorities.

As shown in FIG. 4, the travel service has two vehicles 2. These includevehicle 2 ₁, which services POIs1 ₁₋₇, and vehicle 2 ₂, which servicesPOIS2 ₁₋₅. Both sets of the POIs define a least square path or anothersimilar reductive path that the vehicle 2 ₁ and the vehicle 2 ₂generally follow during drop-off procedures. For the vehicle 2 ₁, thedrop-off procedure begins at the start point and proceeds to POI1 ₁,POI1 ₂ and so one until reaching POI1 ₇ and the end point. Similarly,for the vehicle 22, the drop-off procedure begins at the start point andproceeds to POI2 ₁, POI2 ₂ and so one until reaching POI2 ₅ and the endpoint. Each of the two vehicles carries a multitude of passengers whohave all been identified upon boarding and registered as beinginterested in visiting certain ones of the points of interest. Forexample, the sets of passengers who want to visit POI1 ₁ or POI1 ₂ willbe initially assigned to vehicle 2 ₁ whereas the sets of passengers whowant to visit POI2 ₁ or POI2 ₂ will be initially assigned to vehicle 2₂.

When each of the two vehicles 2 ₁ and 2 ₂ reach a given one of the POIs,the groups of passengers who wish to visit the POIs disembark thevehicles 2 ₁ and 22 along with drones 3. That is, when the vehicle 2 ₁reaches POI1 ₁, those passengers who wish to visit POI1 ₁ disembark andenter POI1 ₁ along with the drone 3 assigned to guide them through alongthe visit. Meanwhile, when the vehicle 2 ₂ reaches POI2 ₁, thosepassengers who wish to visit POI2 ₁ disembark and enter POI2 ₁ alongwith the drone 3 assigned to guide them through along their visit.

While each passenger group visits each POI, their assigned drone 3guides the passengers through the POI and may provide detailed narrationor information along the way. Simultaneously, the drone 3 remains incommunication with the remote server 4 directly or by way of the proxyservers 5 such that the drone can communicate the location of thepassenger group within the POI as well as the predicted pick-up time forthe passenger group. This predicted pick-up time is calculated based onthe content of the tour of the POI as well as the speed with which thepassenger group is moving through the POI. Thus, a faster (i.e.,younger) group will probably have an earlier pick-up time than an olderor slower group from a same POI with a same starting time.

In accordance with embodiments, baseline pick-up routing for the system1 may be a simple reverse course for each of the vehicles 2 ₁ and 2 ₂along the least square path or another similar reductive path. Thus, asshown in FIG. 5, for the vehicle 2 ₁, the baseline pick-up procedurebegins at the start point and proceeds to POI1 ₇, POI1 ₆ and so oneuntil reaching POI1 ₁ and the end point while the pick-up procedure forvehicle 2 ₂ begins at the start point and proceeds to POI2 ₅, POI2 ₄ andso one until reaching POI2 ₁ and the end point.

However, since there are cases in which either of the vehicles 2 ₁ or 2₂ may be delayed or some of the passenger groups may complete theirvisit sooner than expected, the baseline pick-up procedures may need tobe adjusted. For example, if the drone 3 assigned to the passenger groupvisiting POI1 ₃ broadcasts a predicted pick-up time to the remote server4 that is earlier than expected, the vehicle 2 ₁ may not be able toreliably arrive at POI1 ₃ within a predetermined time from thatpredicted pick-up time. In a case like this, the drone 3 may delay thepassenger group within the POI1 ₃ by directing the passenger grouptoward a cafeteria or a gift shop so that the passengers within thepassenger group do not experience an undesirably long wait time forvehicle 2 ₁. Alternatively (and especially in a case where the passengergroup at POI1 ₃ is “high-priority”), the drone 3 will broadcast theearly predicted pick-up time and the remote server 4 will recalculatepick-up routing for the vehicles 2 ₁ and 2 ₂. Such recalculations of thepick-up routing may result in the alternative pick-up routes for thevehicles 2 ₁ and 2 ₂ as shown in FIG. 5. These alternative pick-uproutes would involve the vehicle 2 ₁ ultimately skipping POI1 ₃ and thusproceeding from POI1 ₄ to POI1 ₂ directly and the vehicle 2 ₂ proceedingfrom POI2 ₄ and POI2 ₃ to POI1 ₃ before reaching POI2 ₂.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product at any possible technical detail level of integration.The computer program product may include a computer readable storagemedium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereonfor causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, configuration data for integrated circuitry, oreither source code or object code written in any combination of one ormore programming languages, including an object oriented programminglanguage such as Smalltalk, C++, or the like, and procedural programminglanguages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programminglanguages. The computer readable program instructions may executeentirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as astand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partlyon a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. Inthe latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user'scomputer through any type of network, including a local area network(LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to anexternal computer (for example, through the Internet using an InternetService Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including,for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gatearrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute thecomputer readable program instructions by utilizing state information ofthe computer readable program instructions to personalize the electroniccircuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce acomputer-implemented process, such that the instructions which executeon the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implementthe functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the blocks may occur out of theorder noted in the Figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of onemore other features, integers, steps, operations, element components,and/or groups thereof.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product for controlling afleet of vehicles and drones, the computer program product comprising acomputer readable storage medium having program instructions embodiedtherewith, the program instructions being readable and executable by aprocessing circuit to cause the processing circuit to: direct thevehicles to drop off passenger groups at multiple locations; calculateroutes for the vehicles to pick up the passenger groups from themultiple locations based on corresponding parameter predictions; andassign one or more of the drones to each passenger group at eachlocation, each drone being configured to: broadcast a current locationof the passenger group and a corresponding one of the parameterpredictions, and affect the corresponding passenger group based on acorresponding affectation of one of the vehicles assigned as a pick-upvehicle for the passenger group.
 2. The computer program productaccording to claim 1, wherein the multiple locations comprise touristpoints of interest (POIs).
 3. The computer program product according toclaim 1, wherein the vehicles comprise driverless cars, vans, mini-busesand buses and the drones comprise manned or unmanned ground vehicles andmanned or unmanned aircraft.
 4. The computer program product accordingto claim 1, wherein the passenger groups have varied drop-off andpick-up priorities.
 5. The computer program product according to claim1, wherein the routes are calculated in order to limit route costs andpassenger group wait times.
 6. The computer program product according toclaim 1, wherein each drone delays the corresponding passenger groupbased on the pick-up vehicle being delayed.
 7. The computer programproduct according to claim 6, wherein each drone recalculates thecorresponding one of the predicted pick-up times in real-time.
 8. Acomputing system for controlling a fleet of vehicles and drones, thecomputing system comprising a memory and a processing circuit coupled tothe memory, wherein the processing circuit is configured to: direct thevehicles to drop off passenger groups at multiple locations; calculateroutes for the vehicles to pick up the passenger groups from themultiple locations based on corresponding parameter predictions; andassign one or more of the drones to each passenger group at eachlocation, each drone being configured to: broadcast a current locationof the passenger group and a corresponding one of the parameterpredictions, and affect the corresponding passenger group based on acorresponding affectation of one of the vehicles assigned as a pick-upvehicle for the passenger group.
 9. The computer program productaccording to claim 8, wherein the multiple locations comprise touristpoints of interest (POIs).
 10. The computer program product according toclaim 8, wherein the vehicles comprise driverless cars, vans, mini-busesand buses and the drones comprise manned or unmanned ground vehicles andmanned or unmanned aircraft.
 11. The computer program product accordingto claim 8, wherein the passenger groups have varied drop-off andpick-up priorities.
 12. The computer program product according to claim8, wherein the routes are calculated in order to limit route costs andpassenger group wait times.
 13. The computer program product accordingto claim 8, wherein each drone delays the corresponding passenger groupbased on the pick-up vehicle being delayed.
 14. The computer programproduct according to claim 13, wherein each drone recalculates thecorresponding one of the predicted pick-up times in real-time.
 15. Acomputer-implemented method for controlling a fleet of vehicles anddrones, comprising: directing the vehicles to drop off passenger groupsat multiple locations; calculating routes for the vehicles to pick upthe passenger groups from the multiple locations based on correspondingparameter predictions; and assigning one or more of the drones to eachpassenger group at each location, each drone being configured to:broadcast a current location of the passenger group and a correspondingone of the parameter predictions, and affect the corresponding passengergroup based on a corresponding affectation of one of the vehiclesassigned as a pick-up vehicle for the passenger group.
 16. Thecomputer-implemented method according to claim 15, wherein the multiplelocations comprise tourist points of interest (POIs).
 17. Thecomputer-implemented method according to claim 15, wherein the vehiclescomprise driverless cars, vans, mini-buses and buses and the dronescomprise manned or unmanned ground vehicles and manned or unmannedaircraft.
 18. The computer-implemented method according to claim 15,wherein the passenger groups have varied drop-off and pick-uppriorities.
 19. The computer-implemented method according to claim 15,wherein the calculating comprises limiting route costs and passengergroup wait times.
 20. The computer-implemented method according to claim15, wherein the configuring comprises configuring each drone to delaythe corresponding passenger group based on the pick-up vehicle beingdelayed.